Paper Proof Manual


Paper proof buttons

Below are the buttons that can be used in the Proofreading mode of the WWWhiteboard™ and their definitions.

abbr

Incorrect abbreviation

The use of abbreviations is not recommended in standard practice. However there are situations when abbreviations are appropriate. (tables, charts, and works cited lists)

ad
Incorrect adjective
adv
Incorrect adverb
agr

Faulty agreement: subject/verb or pronoun/antecedent

Agreement is the determination of grammatical inflection on the basis of word relations.

Apostrophe

Use an apostrophe to indicate the omission of a letter or letters from a word, the possessive case, or the plurals of numbers, letters, and abbreviations.

aud
Audience not clear
awk

Awkward

The sentence or phrase is difficult to read or cumbersome. Simplify and rewrite.

Brackets

ca
Incorrect case
cap
Incorrect capitalization
coh

Coherence

If a paragraph is coherent, each sentence flows smoothly into the next without obvious shifts or jumps.

Colon
Comma
con

Be more concise

A concise sentence contains only the amount of words crucial to achieving its message.

cs

Comma splice

A comma splice is an improper use of a comma to join two independent clauses.

d

Diction

The level of diction should be consistent. It should not confuse the reader.

Dash
dead

Deadwood

Deadwood refers to unnecessary words which make the sentence unclean.

det
Use concrete details
dev

Inadequate development of idea or argument

A paragraph is well developed when it is discussed fully and adequately.

dm

Dangling modifier

A dangling modifier is a phrase or clause that does not unify grammatically with what it is expected to modify.

doc

Incorrect/inadequate documentation

This refers documentation, supplying of documents or supporting references that you use in your paper.

Ellipses
emp

Inadequate or unclear emphasis

Emphasisis a special forcefulness of expression that gives importance to the sentence.

exact
Use more exact word: appropriate words, accurate words

Exclamation point

Exclamation point is used after an exclamation.

Faulty parallelism

Faulty parallelism occurs when compound verbs or verbals express an action that is not taking place at the same time or in the same tense.

fig
Inappropriate figure of speech
frag

Sentence fragment

A sentence fragment is a group of words imitating a sentence without having a subject and a verb.

fs

Fused sentence

A fused sentence is a lack of seperation between two independent clauses.

Hyphen

A hyphen separates the two parts of a compound word or the two elements of a range.

ital
Use italics
lc
Use lowercase
log
Incorrect or faulty logic
mix

Mixed construction

Mixed construction is a common cause for awkward sentences. It occurs when the grammar of a sentence switches in mid sentence.

mm

Misplaced modifier

A modifier gives additional information about a word and is usually adjectives or verbs. A modifier is misplaced when it is ambiguous or unclear due to its location in the sentence.

ms
Incorrect manuscript form
no
No paragraph
num

Incorrect use of numeral or spelled-out number

p
Punctuation error
par or
New paragraph
coh
Paragraph not coherent
dev
Paragraph not developed
un
Paragraph not unified
Parentheses
Period
purp
Purpose not clear

Question Mark

Question marks is used after a question.

Quotation Marks

Use quotation marks to set off material that represents quoted or spoken language.

ref

Incorrect pronoun reference

Errors in pronoun reference occur when the reference is ambiguous or the antecedent is unclear.

rep

Unnecessary repetition

Unnecessary repetition is cause by needlessly repeating words in a sentence.

run-on

Run-on sentence

A run-on sentence is created when two or more independent clauses are improperly joined without a conjunction or without a comma before the conjunction.

Semicolon

A semicolon is used to join independent clauses.

shift

Unwarranted shift

Unwarranted shifts cause awkward sentences.

sl
Inappropriate use of slang
Slash
sp
Error in spelling
sxt
Sexist or biased language
thesis

Thesis unclear or unstated

The thesis is the specifics or definite theme of your essay.

var
Lack of sentence variety
w

Wordiness

Wordiness occurs when using more words necessary to convey meaning.

 

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