Paper Proof Manual
Paper proof buttons
Below are the buttons that can be used in the Proofreading mode of the WWWhiteboard and their definitions.
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abbr
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Incorrect abbreviation The use of abbreviations is not recommended in standard practice. However there are situations when abbreviations are appropriate. (tables, charts, and works cited lists) |
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ad
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Incorrect adjective |
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adv
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Incorrect adverb |
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agr
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Faulty agreement: subject/verb or pronoun/antecedent Agreement is the determination of grammatical inflection on the basis of word relations. |
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Apostrophe Use an apostrophe to indicate the omission of a letter or letters from a word, the possessive case, or the plurals of numbers, letters, and abbreviations. |
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aud
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Audience not clear |
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awk
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Awkward The sentence or phrase is difficult to read or cumbersome. Simplify and rewrite. |
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Brackets |
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ca
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Incorrect case |
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cap
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Incorrect capitalization |
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coh
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Coherence If a paragraph is coherent, each sentence flows smoothly into the next without obvious shifts or jumps. |
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Colon |
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Comma |
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con
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Be more concise A concise sentence contains only the amount of words crucial to achieving its message. |
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cs
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Comma splice A comma splice is an improper use of a comma to join two independent clauses. |
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d
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Diction The level of diction should be consistent. It should not confuse the reader. |
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Dash |
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dead
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Deadwood Deadwood refers to unnecessary words which make the sentence unclean. |
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det
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Use concrete details |
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dev
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Inadequate development of idea or argument A paragraph is well developed when it is discussed fully and adequately. |
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dm
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Dangling modifier A dangling modifier is a phrase or clause that does not unify grammatically with what it is expected to modify. |
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doc
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Incorrect/inadequate documentation This refers documentation, supplying of documents or supporting references that you use in your paper. |
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Ellipses |
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emp
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Inadequate or unclear emphasis Emphasisis a special forcefulness of expression that gives importance to the sentence. |
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exact
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Use more exact word: appropriate words, accurate words |
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Exclamation point Exclamation point is used after an exclamation. |
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Faulty parallelism Faulty parallelism occurs when compound verbs or verbals express an action that is not taking place at the same time or in the same tense. |
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fig
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Inappropriate figure of speech |
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frag
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Sentence fragment A sentence fragment is a group of words imitating a sentence without having a subject and a verb. |
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fs
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Fused sentence A fused sentence is a lack of seperation between two independent clauses. |
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Hyphen A hyphen separates the two parts of a compound word or the two elements of a range. |
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ital
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Use italics |
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lc
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Use lowercase |
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log
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Incorrect or faulty logic |
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mix
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Mixed construction Mixed construction is a common cause for awkward sentences. It occurs when the grammar of a sentence switches in mid sentence. |
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mm
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Misplaced modifier A modifier gives additional information about a word and is usually adjectives or verbs. A modifier is misplaced when it is ambiguous or unclear due to its location in the sentence. |
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ms
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Incorrect manuscript form |
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no
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No paragraph |
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num
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Incorrect use of numeral or spelled-out number |
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p
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Punctuation error |
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par or
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New paragraph |
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Paragraph not coherent |
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Paragraph not developed |
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Paragraph not unified |
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Parentheses |
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Period |
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purp
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Purpose not clear |
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Question Mark Question marks is used after a question. |
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Quotation Marks Use quotation marks to set off material that represents quoted or spoken language. |
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ref
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Incorrect pronoun reference Errors in pronoun reference occur when the reference is ambiguous or the antecedent is unclear. |
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rep
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Unnecessary repetition Unnecessary repetition is cause by needlessly repeating words in a sentence. |
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run-on
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Run-on sentence A run-on sentence is created when two or more independent clauses are improperly joined without a conjunction or without a comma before the conjunction. |
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Semicolon A semicolon is used to join independent clauses. |
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shift
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Unwarranted shift Unwarranted shifts cause awkward sentences. |
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sl
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Inappropriate use of slang |
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Slash |
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sp
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Error in spelling |
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sxt
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Sexist or biased language |
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thesis
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Thesis unclear or unstated The thesis is the specifics or definite theme of your essay. |
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var
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Lack of sentence variety |
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w
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Wordiness Wordiness occurs when using more words necessary to convey meaning. |